Anesthesia Induction

Load

• IV: 1-4.5 mg/kg slow IV once  


• Alternatively (off-label): 0.5-2 mg/kg slow IV if adjuvant drugs (eg, midazolam) are used, OR


• IM: 6.5-13 mg/kg IM once


• Alternatively (off-label): 4-10 mg/kg IM once if adjuvant drugs (eg, midazolam) are used

Maintenance

• 50% of IV ketamine induction dose administered PRN, OR


• 0.1-0.5 mg/min IV continuous infusion

Ketamine Health Hazards & Side Effects

Ketamine (ketalar) capsule abuse can be linked with short-term and long-term problems:

• Short-term: Problems with attention, learning, and memory; dreamlike states, hallucinations; sedation; confusion; loss of memory; raised blood pressure; unconsciousness; dangerously slowed breathing.

• Long-term: Ulcers and pain in the bladder; kidney problems; stomach pain; depression; poor memory.

Ketamine common side effects  when used medically are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diplopia (double vision), drowsiness, dysphoria (unease, restlessness), and confusion. There is also the risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from shared needles.

Ketamine use can be fatal in people who are alcoholics or acutely intoxicated with alcohol. There are animal reports of an increased risk of toxicity when ketamine is combined with caffeine. Theoretically, this may be a concern in people who have consumed energy drinks, often done at nightclubs where ketamine may be abused.

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